Habitat: open scrubland. Northland to Banks Peninsula.

Key features: twisted stem, pink or yellow flowers, naked column arms, open, ragged column top.

Habitat: lowland to montane wetlands, scrub, open forest. Throughout.

Key features: column white below, open at the top, violet to red, steeply sloping backwards, cilia sparse, yellow, plant robust.

Habitat: lowland to alpine grasslands, clay banks. Whangarei southwards, common.

Key features: yellow topped horse shoe-shaped column top, dense white cilia.

Habitat: bare compacted sands or clays, protected from wind. Far north, rare.

Key features: spiral leaf, metallic blue flower, yellow, bulbous, naked column arms and large yellow pollinia.